![]() The Bosporus strait connects it to the small Sea of Marmara which in turn is connected to the Aegean Sea via the strait of the Dardanelles. The Black Sea ultimately drains into the Mediterranean Sea, via the Turkish Straits and the Aegean Sea. This anoxic layer is responsible for the preservation of ancient shipwrecks which have been found in the Black Sea. This creates a significant and permanent layer of deep water that does not drain or mix and is therefore anoxic. While the net flow of water through the Bosporus and Dardanelles (known collectively as the Turkish Straits) is out of the Black Sea, water generally flows in both directions simultaneously: Denser, more saline water from the Aegean flows into the Black Sea underneath the less dense, fresher water that flows out of the Black Sea. The Black Sea has a positive water balance, with an annual net outflow of 300 km 3 (72 cu mi) per year through the Bosporus and the Dardanelles into the Aegean Sea. Important cities along the coast include (clockwise from the Bosporus) Burgas, Varna, Constanța, Odesa, Sevastopol, Novorossiysk, Sochi, Batumi, Trabzon and Samsun. The longest east–west extent is about 1,175 km (730 mi). ![]() In the west, the coast is generally small floodplains below foothills such as the Strandzha Cape Emine, a dwindling of the east end of the Balkan Mountains and the Dobruja Plateau considerably farther north. These rises are the Pontic Mountains to the south, bar the southwest-facing peninsulas, the Caucasus Mountains to the east, and the Crimean Mountains to the mid-north. Consequently, while six countries have a coastline on the sea, its drainage basin includes parts of 24 countries in Europe. The Black Sea is supplied by major rivers, principally the Danube, Dnieper and Don. It is bounded by Türkiye, Bulgaria, Romania, Ukraine, Russia and Georgia. The Black Sea is a marginal mediterranean sea of the Atlantic Ocean lying between Europe and Asia, east of the Balkans, south of the East European Plain, west of the Caucasus, and north of Anatolia. Sinemorets, Bulgaria Black Sea coast of western Georgia, with the skyline of Batumi on the horizon Swallow's Nest in Crimea Coastline of Samsun in Turkey A sanatorium in Sochi, Russia Longshore drift has deposited sediment along the shoreline which has led to the formation of a spit. The estuary of the Veleka in the Black Sea. ![]() Danube, Dnieper, Don, Dniester, Kuban, Black Sea undersea riverīulgaria, Georgia, Romania, Russia, Turkey, UkraineĪ large number of countries included in drainage basins for inflow rivers
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